[70] Other pages on the same websites refer to Northern Ireland specifically as a "province" as do publications of the UK Statistics Authority. 356 species of marine algae have been recorded in the north-east of Ireland. [47] From 1969 to 2003 there were over 36,900 shooting incidents and over 16,200 bombings or attempted bombings associated with The Troubles. During the 19th century, legal reforms continued to remove discrimination against Catholics, and progressive programs enabled tenant farmers to buy land from landlords. Module:Community Relations. The Lower and Upper River Bann, River Foyle and River Blackwater form extensive fertile lowlands, with excellent arable land also found in North and East Down, although much of the hill country is marginal and suitable largely for animal husbandry. [165][166] Northern Ireland has also contributed several players to the Great Britain and Ireland Walker Cup team, including Alan Dunbar and Paul Cutler who played on the victorious 2011 team in Scotland. The household returns and ancillary records for the censuses of Ireland of 1901 and 1911, which are in the custody of the National Archives of Ireland, represent an extremely valuable part of the Irish national heritage. [162] The Irish Rebellion of 1798 was led by the United Irishmen; a cross-community republican group founded by Belfast Presbyterians, which sought Irish independence. Many others in Northern Ireland view people from the Republic of Ireland as being members of their common nation encompassing the island of Ireland and regard the English, Scots and Welsh as foreigners. None of the hills are especially high, with Slieve Donard in the dramatic Mournes reaching 850 metres (2,789 ft), Northern Ireland's highest point. During 1920–22, in what became Northern Ireland, partition was accompanied by violence "in defence or opposition to the new settlement". In the context of institutional discrimination, the 18th century saw secret, militant societies develop in Ulster and act on sectarian tensions in violent attacks. The vast majority of Northern Ireland has a temperate maritime climate, (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification) rather wetter in the west than the east, although cloud cover is very common across the region. In 1914, the Third Home Rule Bill received Royal Assent as the Government of Ireland Act 1914. [181] All Northern Ireland viewers must obtain a UK TV licence to watch live television transmissions. Their lands were confiscated by the Crown and colonized with English-speaking Protestant settlers from Britain, in the Plantation of Ulster. Access is available to satellite and cable services. Almost 2,000 murals have been documented in Northern Ireland since the 1970s. This entitlement was reaffirmed in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement between the British and Irish governments, which provides that: ...it is the birthright of all the people of Northern Ireland to identify themselves and be accepted as Irish or British, or both, as they may so choose, and accordingly [the two governments] confirm that their right to hold both British and Irish citizenship is accepted by both Governments and would not be affected by any future change in the status of Northern Ireland. A 2008 survey found that 57% of Protestants described themselves as British, while 32% identified as Northern Irish, 6% as Ulster and 4% as Irish. [88] Many media outlets in the Republic use "North of Ireland", or simply "the North". [39] A truce between British forces and the IRA was established on 11 July 1921, ending the fighting in most of Ireland. This is about 30% of Ireland’s total population and approximately 3% of the total population of the United Kingdom. It is the smaller of the two political entities on the island of Ireland by area and population, the other being the Republic of Ireland, a sovereign state which gained partial independence from the United Kingdom in 1921, as “ the Irish Free State”. [28], The economy of Northern Ireland was the most industrialised in Ireland at the time of partition, but declined as a result of the political and social turmoil of the Troubles. In summer 1920, sectarian violence erupted in Belfast and Derry, and there were mass burnings of Catholic property in Lisburn and Banbridge. Republicans regarded the state forces as combatants in the conflict, pointing to the collusion between the state forces and the loyalist paramilitaries as proof of this. [59] In its white paper on Brexit the United Kingdom government reiterated its commitment to the Belfast Agreement. The highest number of non-British/Irish immigrants are in Belfast, followed by Craigavon Urban Area and Dungannon. [187][188] People in Northern Ireland who live close to the border with the Republic of Ireland may inadvertently switch over to the Irish mobile networks, causing international roaming fees to be applied. English is spoken as a first language by almost all of the Northern Ireland population. In 1919, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George proposed another Home Rule Bill. [64] According to a 2015 opinion poll, 70% express a long-term preference of the maintenance of Northern Ireland's membership of the United Kingdom (either directly ruled or with devolved government), while 14% express a preference for membership of a united Ireland. Northern Ireland is a province or region that is located in the United Kingdom.Its history dates back to the 1920s, when Ireland was split intro Southern and Northern regions. Unionists were in a minority in Ireland as a whole, but a majority in the northeast, within the northern province of Ulster. [79] Some writers describe the United Kingdom as being made up of three countries and one province[80] or point out the difficulties with calling Northern Ireland a country. Major Gaelic Athletic Association matches are opened by the national anthem of the Republic of Ireland, "Amhrán na bhFiann (The Soldier's Song)", which is also used by most other all-Ireland sporting organisations. "Frequently-Asked Questions about the Irish Language", "Loyalists line up to learn cúpla focail at language classes in heart of east Belfast", "Language, Identity and Politics in Northern Ireland", "Paul Murphy announces recognition for sign language", Parades and Marches – A Summary of the Issue, "NI talks issues explained: flags, parades, the past and welfare reform", The Union Flag and Flags of the United Kingdom, Northern Irish flags from the World Flag Database, "Israel and the Palestinians: The Irish connection", "FIFA.com: Northern Ireland, Latest News", "Sport and Community Relations in Northern Ireland 3.2 Flags and Anthems", "Long Unsung Teams Live up to Anthems: Rugby Union". [23] The British Army was deployed and the Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) was formed to help the regular police. Leaders in Dublin expected a substantial reduction in the territory of Northern Ireland, with nationalist areas moving to the Free State. Additionally, "in recognition of the Irish Government's special interest in Northern Ireland", the Government of Ireland and Government of the United Kingdom co-operate closely on non-devolved matters through the British-Irish Intergovernmental Conference. religion or religion brought up in), 48% of the population came from a Protestant background, 45% from a Catholic background, 0.9% from non-Christian backgrounds, and 5.6% from non-religious backgrounds. Disagreement on names, and the reading of political symbolism into the use or non-use of a word, also attaches itself to some urban centres. Northern Ireland's golf courses include the Royal Belfast Golf Club (the earliest, formed in 1881), Royal Portrush Golf Club, which is the only course outside Great Britain to have hosted The Open Championship, and Royal County Down Golf Club (Golf Digest magazine's top-rated course outside the United States).[167][168]. In response, the Northern Ireland Assembly has sent trade missions abroad. This is one of the four major cycles of Irish mythology. [66], Official voting figures, which reflect views on the "national question" along with issues of candidate, geography, personal loyalty and historic voting patterns, show 54% of Northern Ireland voters vote for unionist parties, 42% vote for nationalist parties and 4% vote "other". Seventy percent of the economy's revenue comes from the service sector. Unionists are predominantly Ulster Protestant, descendants of mainly Scottish, English, and Huguenot settlers as well as Gaels who converted to one of the Protestant denominations. Main language of all usual residents aged 3 and over in the 2011 Census[13], Ability in Irish of all usual residents aged 3 and over in the Census[14][15], Ability in Ulster Scots of all usual residents aged 3 and over in the Census[16]. [154], The official flag is that of the state having sovereignty over the territory, i.e. Under the terms of the treaty, Northern Ireland would become part of the Free State unless the government opted out by presenting an address to the king, although in practice partition remained in place. The cycle centres on the reign of Conchobar mac Nessa, who is said to have been king of Ulster around the 1st century. While in the 2011 census Protestants outnumbered Catholics in only half of the districts in Northern Ireland, those who considered themselves British outnumbered those who considered themselves Irish in twenty of the twenty-six districts in Northern Ireland. For a native English speaker, "[Ulster Scots] is comparatively accessible, and even at its most intense can be understood fairly easily with the help of a glossary. They use government data from each census held in 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 to show where Protestants (in blue) and Catholics (shown in green) live in Northern Ireland. English is by far the most commonly spoken language in Northern Ireland. 2.06 children born/woman (2011), HIV/AIDS prevalence rate:[42] Dungannon has a bigger share of immigrants than any town in Northern Ireland, while Strabane has the smallest share of these immigrants. Religions broken down by place of birth in the 2011 census. Irish nationalists had also formed a paramilitary organisation, the Irish Volunteers. In Northern Ireland, a ‘shift in enthusiasm’ for Irish unity. 8.1% professed to have "some ability" however.[117]. The most notable example is whether Northern Ireland's second largest city should be called "Derry" or "Londonderry". [161] The Williamite victories of the Siege of Derry (1689) and Battle of the Boyne (1690) are still celebrated by some Protestants in Northern Ireland. "[143], Along with the Irish language, the Good Friday Agreement recognised the dialect as part of Northern Ireland's unique culture and the St Andrews Agreement recognised the need to "enhance and develop the Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture". Christianity is the main religion in Northern Ireland. Gaelic games include Gaelic football, hurling (and camogie), handball and rounders. To prevent argument, this report was suppressed and, in exchange for a waiver to the Free State's obligations to the UK's public debt and the dissolution of the Council of Ireland (sought by the Government of Northern Ireland), the border was not changed. [12][81] The BBC style guide is to refer to Northern Ireland as a province, and use of the term is common in literature and newspaper reports on Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. Members of the immigrant population, which includes many Poles, are also more likely to consider themselves Catholic. By the end of the war (during which the 1916 Easter Rising had taken place), most Irish nationalists now wanted full independence rather than home rule. The original system of car registration numbers largely based on counties still remains in use. [183] Although they are transmitted in standard definition, a Freeview HD box or television is required for reception. The centrepiece of Northern Ireland's geography is Lough Neagh, at 151 square miles (391 km2) the largest freshwater lake both on the island of Ireland and in the British Isles. There was rioting, gun battles and bombings. The name usage does not indicate an endorsement for either community's opinions. A problem by several writers on Northern Ireland. [ 129 ] [ 92 [! [ 20 ], the religious affiliations in the British Isles, covering 150 (. Treaty was signed between representatives of the demography of Northern Ireland, Irish and Ulster,. 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