[61] The Queen's decision to accede to La Touche's demands earned her the criticism of some Neapolitan historians, like General Colletta, who overlook the fact that Naples was unable to mount a defence at the time as the navy was not mobilised. August Leopold und Karoline Maria.jpg 468 × 713; 184 KB Dom Augusto Leopoldo.jpg 516 × 718; 150 KB Habsburg–Toscanai Karolina Mária Immakuláta főhercegnő sírja.jpg 800 × 600; 198 KB The royal family was forced to flee to Sicily in February 1806. In the Sicilian exile Maria Carolina continued his politics towards Naples. [45] Consequently, Naples had stopped paying its annual tribute of 7,000 ducats. Her maid found the Queen lying dead on the floor among scattered letters. [note 2][45] Therefore, Maria Carolina arranged a meeting with the Pope. Following the birth of a male heir in 1775, Maria Carolina was admitted to the Privy Council. [35] On recommendation from Hackert, the King and Queen restored the statues of Palazzo Farnese and brought them to Naples. Genealogy for Marie Caroline Ernstine Antonie Johanna Josephe Habsburg-Lothringen, Prinzessin (1740 - 1741) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. [26] Acting on her brother the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II's advice, Maria Carolina and Acton revamped the Neapolitan navy, hitherto neglected, opening 4 marine colleges and commissioning 150 ships of various sizes. [17] With it, she obtained a back door to the administration of the state, to be fully realised only by the birth of an heir in 1775, and her consequent admission to the Privy Council. She had 16 children. Archduchess Marie Caroline Ferdinanda of Austria, Crown Princess of Saxony (8 April 1801 Vienna, Austria - 22 May 1832 Dresden, Germany) Family. Maria Carolina was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. He had already selected a number of brides including Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1845-1912), sister of his late sister-in-law Stephanie, Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria (1847-1897), Princess Maria Pia of Savoy (1847-1911) and also considered some Austrian archduchesses, Maria Theresa being one of them, but didn't know which one to choose. This deprived her of any political influence, and the Queen was forced to leave Sicily and return to Vienna. [67] The army was kept perpetually mobilised in case of sudden attack, occasioning a huge increase in taxation. Schilderij beschikbaar op Bimago.nl - original designs on canvas. [39] The new King, Charles IV, was eager to be on good terms with his brother, the King of Naples, sending the Spanish fleet to salute to him. [3] She was buried in the Maria Theresa Vault at the Imperial Crypt, Vienna. [61], Maria Carolina's preventatives against Jacobinism were rendered useless in the face of the subversive actives of La Touche's fleet, which was obliged to return to Naples shortly after leaving by a storm. Family. Family. [17] Angered, the Queen expressed to Charles III her opinion that Tanucci was ruining the country through the medium of a letter written by her husband, thus making it look as if it was his idea. [31], Maria Carolina patronised German-Swiss artists, foremostly Angelica Kauffman, who famously painted the Queen's family in an informal garden setting in 1783, and gave her daughters lessons in drawing. [68] In 1794, following the discovery of a Jacobin plot to overthrow the government, Maria Carolina ordered Medici to suppress the Freemasons, of which she was once an adherent, believing they were partaking in treasonable activities with the French. [53], In an attempt to please Great Britain, with a military alliance in mind, the Queen deigned to meet the wife of the English ambassador, Emma Hamilton, in audience, despite the fact that the British Queen, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, had not yet received her. Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria A carte-de-visite portrait of Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1825-1915). [7] Maria Carolina reacted badly to her engagement, crying, entreating and saying that Neapolitan marriages were unlucky. Maria Carolina The empress of Austria, Maria Theresa (1717-1780), did that very well. Genealogy profile for Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1748) Genealogy for Maria Karolina von Österreich (Habsburg-Lorraine), Erzherzogin (1748 - 1748) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. [19] Academics Gaetano Filangieri, Domenico Cirillo, and Giuseppe Maria Galanti frequented her salon, among others. Archduchess Maria Carolina Ferdinanda of Austria (8 April 1801 – 22 May 1832) was Crown Princess of Saxony as the wife of Frederick Augustus, Crown Prince of Saxony. Archduchess Maria-Caroline of Austria . [69] Fearing for the safety of her family, Maria Carolina employed food-testers and switched the royal families' apartments on a daily basis. Genealogy profile for Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1748) Genealogy for Maria Karolina von Österreich (Habsburg-Lorraine), Erzherzogin (1748 - 1748) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Carolina Ernestina Antonia Johanna Josefa; 12 January 1740 – 25 January 1741), was the third child and daughter of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, later Holy Roman Empress and Duke Francis of Lorraine. After the death of her older sister Maria Elisabeth on 7 June, she became second in the line of succession, preceded only by her older sister Maria Anna. Marie Caroline was a daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, later Francis I of Austria after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, and named after and elder sister who had died in infancy. Drei-schwebende-Kinder.jpg 578 × 439; 128 KB Marie Caroline was a daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, later Francis I of Austria after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, and named after an elder sister who had died in infancy.She belonged to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.She was educated strictly, standing out in drawing, as proven by several sketches and crayons preserved in Austria. Marriage. [25], Without Tanucci in government, the Queen alone ruled Naples and Sicily, assisted by her French-born, English favourite, Sir John Acton, from 1778 onwards. [23][24] Maria Carolina proceeded to alienate large swaths of the nobility by replacing the influence of Spain with that of Austria. [30] That the rumour was untrue was not known to the King, who tried several times to "surprise you together" and threatened to kill them both in a rage. [48] Alarmed by developments in France, especially in regards to her favourite sister, Marie Antoinette,[note 3] Maria Carolina ended her experiment in enlightened absolutism and started on a reactionary course. In June 1800, Maria Carolina traveled with her three unmarried daughters, her younger son Leopoldo, and accompanied by William and Emma Hamilton and Nelson over Livorno, Florence, Trieste and Laibach to Vienna, where she arrived two months later. Her father was Duke Francis of Lorraine, later Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria (German: Carolina Maria Immakulata Josepha Ferdinanda Therese Leopoldine Antoinette Franziska Isabella Luise Januaria Christine Benedikta Laurencia Justiniana, Erzherzogin von Österreich, Prinzessin von Toskana) (5 September 1869, Altmünster, Upper Austria, Austria–Hungary – 12 May 1945, Budapest, Hungary) was a member of the House of … Maria Carolina was born on 12 January 1740 at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna. Against her will, Amalia was married to Ferdinand of Parma (1751–1802). Archduchess Marie Caroline Ferdinanda of Austria, Crown Princess of Saxony (8 April 1801 in Vienna, Austria – 22 May 1832 in Pillnitz, Germany). [76] War council meetings, comprising the Queen, the King, Mack, Sir William Hamilton, the English ambassador, and Admiral Nelson, the victor of the Nile, were held in the Palace of Caserta. Marie Caroline was a daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, later Francis I of Austria after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, and named after an elder sister who had died in infancy.She belonged to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.She was educated strictly, standing out in drawing, as proven by several sketches and crayons preserved in Austria. [47], The return from Vienna marked a new epoch in the politics of Naples. The chosen name (after Parthenope, an ancient Greek colony which existed on the site of the future city of Naples) was an attempt by the French to obtain the support of the Neapolitan people. The marriage was childless and unhappy. [2] From very early on they shared the same governess, Countess Lerchenfeld. [43], Maria Carolina was anxious to improve Neapolitan-Papal relations, which had deteriorated owing to arguments with Pope Pius VI over ecclesiastical laws and the investiture and choice of bishops. Maria Carolina, abhorring how the French treated their queen, her sister Marie Antoinette, allied Naples with Britain and Austria during the Napoleonic and French Revolutionary Wars. Maria Carolina promoted Naples as a centre of the arts, patronising painters Jacob Philipp Hackert and Angelica Kauffman and academics Gaetano Filangieri, Domenico Cirillo and Giuseppe Maria Galanti. Archduchess Maria Carolina Luise Christine, Princess Imperial and Archduchess of Austria, Princess Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, was born in Vienna on 10 September 1825, the sixth child of Archduke Albrecht, who was himself the eldest son of Archduke Karl, Duke von Teschen. [20], Tanucci's fall from grace came about over an argument with Maria Carolina regarding Freemasonry, of which she was an adherent. [71] Bonaparte's successes in Northern Italy[note 6] compelled Maria Carolina to sue for peace, under which Naples had to pay to France a war indemnity of 8 million francs. Two other sisters were named after her: another short-lived one (born and died in 1748) and another (born in 1752), later Queen of Naples and Sicily. [70], The cessation of Franco-Spanish hostilities in the summer of 1795 gave Napoleon Bonaparte, a Corsican general in the French army, the opportunity to focus on France's Italian Campaign. After her stay in Vienna, Maria Carolina returned to Naples on 17 August 1802. [7] Because Maria Amalia was five years older than his son, Charles III opted for the latter. It is said that Napoleon claimed that the Queen was the only man in the Kingdom of Naples. [27][29] Acton and Maria Carolina were seen to have become so close by 1782 that, according to the Sardinian ambassador in Naples, people falsely believed they were lovers. [27] Charles III, having declared war on Great Britain in alliance with the United States, was angered by Acton's appointment to the Ministry of War and of Marine because he felt his Spanish candidate, Don Antonio Otero, was more worthy of such a high government post by virtue of the fact he wasn't English. Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Carolina Ernestina Antonia Johanna Josefa; 12 January 1740 – 25 January 1741), was the third child and daughter of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, later Holy Roman Empress and Duke Francis of Lorraine. Marie Caroline was a daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, later Francis I of Austria after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, and named after an elder sister who had died in infancy.She belonged to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.. [22] The appointment of Tanucci's successor, the Marquis of Sambuca, Maria Carolina's powerless puppet, represented the end of Spanish influence in Naples, hitherto virtually a province of that country. Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy, Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands, Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania, Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine, Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate, Maria Clementina, Hereditary Princess of Naples, Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis, Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz, Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio, Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria, Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria, Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri, Agnes, Princess Karl Alfred of Liechtenstein, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria_Carolina_of_Austria&oldid=1012112837, Knights of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Maria Carolina Luise Josefa Johanna Antonia, Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802, Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board, This page was last edited on 14 March 2021, at 17:43. [1] Maria Carolina was the daughter who resembled her mother most. She was a proponent of enlightened absolutism until the advent of the French Revolution, when, in order to prevent its ideas gaining currency, she made Naples a police state. Controleer de canvasdruk: Archduchess Maria Carolina en andere schilderijen en canvasafdrukken in onze online shop. After a long journey through Constantinople, Odessa, Lviv, and Budapest, Maria Carolina finally arrived in Vienna in January 1814, where she began negotiations with Prince Metternich and her nephew, Emperor Francis I of Austria, for the restoration of her husband and herself to the Neapolitan throne. As de facto ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favourite, Sir John Acton, and the expulsion of Spanish influence. [74] Maria Carolina entered a secret defensive alliance with Austria on 20 May 1798, in response to France's occupation of the Papal States, which shared a border with Naples. France had replaced the Papal States with a republic in February 1798. María is the second-eldest daughter of Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria, and his wife, Princess Anne d'Orléans.. [55], King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette were arrested on 10 August 1792. Triptychs en andere soorten canvas art prints gemaakt door handmade techniek op natuurlijke canvas. [40] While the King supported the match, Maria Carolina shunned it. Maria Clementina of Austria (24 April 1777 – 15 November 1801) was an Austrian archduchess and the tenth child and third daughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain. [67] Maria Carolina was so horrified by that event that she refused to speak French, "that monstrous language", and banned the "inflammatory" philosophical works of Galanti and Filangeri, who had hitherto enjoyed the Queen's patronage. Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Carolina Ernestina Antonia Johanna Josefa; 12 January 1740 – 25 January 1741), was the third child and daughter of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, later Holy Roman Empress and Duke Francis of Lorraine . [26][27] The merchant navy, too, was augmented by trade pacts with Russia and Genoa. [28] Acton's reforms were not restricted to the expansion of the navy; at the same time, he cut the expenditure of his department by 500,000 ducats and invited foreign drill-sergeants and officers to fill vacancies in the army. Napoleon had conquered Parma, Modena, Lombardy and the main fortresses of Piedmont in rapid succession. As a result of a failed Neapolitan invasion of French-occupied Rome, she fled to Sicily with her husband in December 1798. Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria ... Habsburg–Toscanai Karolina Mária Immakuláta főhercegnő sírja.jpg 800 × 600; 198 KB. She was the third daughter to carry this name, as two elder sisters with the same name died in infancy. [73] The marriage of her eldest son, the Duke of Calabria, to Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 offered Maria Carolina a brief respite from the affairs of war, which had taken a toll on her health. [28] Maria Carolina once again replied using a letter written by the King, expounding to Charles III that Acton, the son of a French woman, was not English and that he was appointed before Spanish hostilities with Britain broke out. [note 4][54] However, they soon struck up a friendship, Emma singing duets with the King and dining privately with the royal family. [40] To consolidate their reconciliation, Charles IV proposed that his daughter marry the King and Queen's eldest son, the Duke of Calabria. [70] What compelled Maria Carolina to do this was the general terror reigning throughout the city, in which "nobody was safe". [63] Why the offensive failed can be explained by the fact that her chief of police, Luigi de' Medici, was secretly a radical himself. In their exile, the refugees relied on the help of Great Britain, but after the death of Admiral Nelson in the Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805), the British developed more and more aversion to Maria Carolina. Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Carolina Ernestina Antonia Johanna Josepha; 12 January 1740 - 25 January 1741) was the third child and daughter of Maria Theresa, later Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. Family. [25] Her unpopularity among the nobility was increased by her attempts to curb their prerogative. [76] They decided to invade the Roman Republic,[note 7] a French puppet state.[78]. Jul 26, 2015 - Maria Amalia of Austria (26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was the Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage. This article "Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1748)" is from Wikipedia.The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1748). Her godparents were King Louis XV of France and his wife, Marie Leszczyńska. [38], In 1788, with the death of King Charles III, Neapolitan-Spanish relations improved. Born an Austrian archduchess, the thirteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, she married Ferdinand as part of an Austrian alliance with Spain, where Ferdinand's father was king. [16] Pursuant to Empress Maria Theresa's instructions, Maria Carolina gained Ferdinand's trust by feigning interest in his favourite activity—hunting. 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