[55] In 2011 KDP Peshmerga fired on anti-government protesters in Sulaymaniyah, and the PUK later used its own security forces to break up these protests,[33] leading to criticism from all of the opposition parties in the parliament. Following the events of the Iraqi Civil War in 2014, the United States and several Europe nations pressured the PUK and KDP to set up mixed brigades of Peshmerga as a condition for aid and funding. That's really interesting, thank you. [55] Thus there is no reliable number of how many Peshmerga fighters exist. The Kurdish warrior tradition of rebellion has existed for thousands of years along with aspirations for independence, and early Kurdish warriors fought against the various Persian empires, the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire. [42] The word is understandable to Persian speakers.
Ces succès militaires ont permis aux Kurdes « de reprendre pied dans les régions dont ils avaient été chassés sous Saddam Hussein », affirme-t-il[2]. Originally, the Peshmerga was led by Mustafa Barzani, the head of the Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), but in the aftermath of another failed revolt, which resulted in the defeat of the Peshmerga by Iraqi forces in the mid-1970’s, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) arose and formed their own Peshmerga. The Kurdish Zand tribe was known for allowing women in military roles. [43], The Kurdish warrior tradition of rebellion has existed for thousands of years along with aspirations for independence, and early Kurdish warriors fought against the various Persian empires, the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire. This subreddit is dedicated to news, analysis and discussion on the conflicts in Syria and Iraq along with the regional and global ramifications. [32], In the months leading up to the US 2003 invasion of Iraq, the United States launched Operation Viking Hammer which dealt a huge blow to Islamic terrorist groups in Iraqi Kurdistan and uncovered a chemical weapons facility. [53], In 2014, the Peshmerga withdrew from the Nineveh Plains which was said by the locals as being a contributing factor of the quick ISIS victory in the invasion, and the widespread massacre of Yazidis, who were rendered defenseless. Jalal Talabani, a leading member of the KDP, left the same year to revitalize the resistance and founded the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. Can you elaborate on that? I can claim that more than 35% of them are the members of the YPJ which increases day by day." They fight ISIS like the YPG, but have warmer ties to Turkey than YPG. Valentine, Those Who Face Death, KDP, 2018. 'those who face the death'),[25] are the military forces of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The PYD’s Precarious Rise in Syria. Press J to jump to the feed. Peshmerga have female units, but they either play a largely ceremonial role, or are purely defensive. Peshmerga are the soldiers of the Iraqi Kurds. Simon Ross Valentine, Peshmerga: Those Who Face Death: The Kurdish Army, its History, Development, and the Fight against ISIS, Kindle Direct Publishing, April 2018, 300pp. Correct me if I'm wrong. [55] Under the guidance of the US-led coalition the Peshmerga has started to standardize its weapons systems, replacing Soviet-era weapons with NATO firearms. Peshmerga have a lot better/more weapons/ammunition and a lot more soldiers than YPG/J (YPG/J have up to 45 000). On Aug. 3, this collaboration took place: YPG, the People’s Protection Units of Rojava (Syria’s Kurdistan) joined Iraqi Kurdistan Region peshmerga forces and rescued some of the peshmerga forces after the Islamic State (IS) offensive on Sinjar after the Kurdistan Region had put an embargo on Rojava for almost three years. This event created the baseline for the political discontent between the KDP and PUK that to this day divides Peshmerga forces and much of Kurdish society in Kurdistan. Purchase a Peshmerga t-shirt, sweater, hat and/or beanie and we'll donate clothing to the Peshmerga. Peshmerga forces have regained ground in northwestern Iraq, while Kurdish fighters also battle ISIL in Syria. YPG/J are equal to or even better (for example: guerrilla warfare) than Peshmerga in virtually every other aspect. Supposedly becoming incorporated into MPA. [54], The Peshmerga are mostly divided among forces loyal to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and those loyal to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK),[55] while other, minor Kurdish parties such as the Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party also have their own small Peshmerga units. Since the Iraqi Army is forbidden by Iraqi law to enter the Kurdistan Region,[26][27] the Peshmerga, along with their security subsidiaries, are responsible for the security of Kurdistan Region. "They are much better than the YPG… The riots began as clashes between rivaling football fans before taking a political turn, with Arab fans raising pictures of Saddam Husseinwhile the Kurdish fans reportedly proclaimed "We will sacrifice our lives for Bush". At the beginning, I tought YPG was more like a local self-defence militia. [94], Women have played a significant role in the Peshmerga since its foundation. And there are a small number of Americans and Europeans who’ve volunteered individually to join YPG in the fight against ISIS. You can also add images and videos to help tell your story and generate more interest in your shop. Kurdish Civil War: Peshmerga Divided. Following the retreat of the new Iraqi Army during the June 2014 ISIS offensive, Peshmerga forces reportedly again managed to get hold of weapons left behind by the Army. [56] The KDP and PUK do not disclose information about the composition of their forces with government or media. Some Peshmerga were already transferred but reportedly deserted again, and there are allegations that former Peshmerga forces remained loyal to the KRG rather than their Iraqi chain of command; regardless, thousands of members of the 80 Unit of KDP and the 70 Unit of PUK are based in Baghdad, and they have good cooperation with other Iraqi forces in Baghdad. Peshmerga And YPG news WEB welcome, This channel broadcasts in Kurdish are made peshmerga and ypg news is a tv channel network, photographer and multimedia producer covering conflict zones in the Middle East and kurdish fighters. The PYD’s Precarious Rise in Syria will answer all your questions. KDP pesh are not leftists at all, social democratic or otherwise. [74][75][76], The Peshmerga forces are secular with a Muslim majority and Assyrian and Yazidi units. Nearly Three Thousand Men. [52] In the years after, tension remained high, but both parties moved towards each other, and in 2003 they both took part in the overthrowing of the Baathist regime as part of the Iraq War. The YPG are more like a Cold War socialist militia, built on Kurdish nationalism but wrapped in a decentralized democratic socialist ideology. [55] Media outlets have speculated that there are between 150,000 and 200,000 Peshmerga, but this number is highly disputed. The Peshmerga predates Iraq, starting out as a strictly tribal pseudo-military border guard under the Ottomans and Safavids and later changing to a well-trained, disciplined guerrilla force in the 19th century. Chapman, Dennis P., Lieutenant Colonel USA, This page was last edited on 21 March 2021, at 14:33. Preview of footage to be featured in 'War Stories: Fighting ISIS in the Battle for Mosul' [32][44] Despite being viciously persecuted by the Ottoman Government, the Kurdish tribal militias that were the predecessors of the Peshmerga were also collaborative with the Ottoman Government shortly after World War I through assistance in perpetrating the genocides of Assyrians, Armenians, and Greeks living in the Ottoman Empire at the time. Write a few sentences to tell people about your store (the kind of products you sell, your mission, etc). "YPG currently has more than 35 000 members. After Mustafa Barzani's death in 1979, his son Masoud Barzani took his position. [82], The Peshmerga arsenal is limited and confined by restrictions because the Kurdish Region has to purchase arms through the Iraqi government. While the YPG in Syria are therefore technically peshmerga, the Kurdish military in neighbouring Iraq are actually called Peshmerga and led by … Asya Abdullah, the co-chair of the Democratic Union party in Kobani, told Turkish media that both FSA and peshmerga troops would fight under the command of the YPG, … Learn More. To the north is Turkey, the archenemy of Kurdish independence, whose conservative, Islamist government is bombing the YPG. The Peshmerga (Kurdish: پێشمەرگه‎, romanized: Pêşmerge, lit. In 2014 the KDP used its Peshmerga to stop ministers from the Gorran Movement to enter Erbil and attend parliament. The YBS is the Yezidi arm wing for the PKK and YPG many are against the PKK's influence in the KRG, this why they need to leave. Margaret George Malik[95] was an iconic[96] Assyrian guerilla fighter who was given a leading position in important battles such as the battle of Zawita Valley. By then, around 5,000 had been killed on both sides, and many more had been evicted for being on the wrong side. [105][106][32], Media related to Kurdish Peshmerga at Wikimedia Commons. [103] In the KDP, these Peshmerga women have been refused access to the frontline and are mostly used in logistics and management positions,[104] but PUK Peshmerga women are deployed in the front lines and are actively engaged in combat. YPG/J follows its own vague ideology called democratic confederalism which is socialist but not Marxist. We are recognized by the PYD, as well as the People’s Protection Units (YPG) and Women’s Protection Units (YPJ) as their political leadership. If you look at YPG/J casualty lists, you'll see a lot of women. [97] The PUK started recruiting women during the Kurdish Civil War. The men and women who make up the fighting force come from local communities and are mostly Kurdish, but the YPG also fights alongside non-Kurdish soldiers from the area including Syrian, Assyrian and Armenian Christians. ties, areas they control are festooned with photos of the imprisoned P.K.K. Earlier this month, B.C.-born Gill Rosenberg flew from Israel to Erbil, Iraq to meet up with the Peshmerga and travel to Syria to assist the YPG. [81] In 2015, for the first time, Peshmerga soldiers received urban warfare and military intelligence training from foreign trainers, the Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve. Unifying and integrating the Peshmerga has been on the public agenda since 1992, but the forces remain divided due to factionalism which has proved to be a major stumbling block. [71] Consequently, in 2009, the KRG and Baghdad engaged in discussions about incorporating parts of the Peshmerga forces into the Iraqi Army in what would be the 15th and 16th Iraqi Army divisions. [48] As tension increased between KDP and PUK, most Peshmerga fought to keep a region under their own party's control while also fighting off Iraqi Army incursions. [45][46], Historically the Peshmerga existed only as guerrilla organizations, but under the self-declared Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947), the Peshmerga led by Mustafa Barzani became the official army of the republic. Peshmerga Forces from the 4th battalion as well as riot police from Duhok Police were involved in calming the situation from heating, where pro-YBS protested. Peshmerga (kurdiksi: pêşmerge sanoista pêş ennen, edessä, merg kuolema, e on ”ne jotka ovat kasvotusten kuoleman kanssa”) on kurdien käyttämä nimitys kurditaistelijoista. YPG Media Center; [61] Multiple unification and depoliticizing efforts of the Peshmerga have been made since 1992. leaders play down their P.K.K. I was wondering, what are the main differences between YPG and Peshmerga both from the military and the politcal point of view? Also, YPG/J have a lot more close allies such as MFS, Al-Sanadid Army and local FSA (Burkan al-Firat/Furat), and have ethnic diversity within their own ranks (at least 15% of YPG/J is non-Kurdish). YPG is Syrian Kurds and Peshmerga is Iraqi Kurds and we talked the differences between the two. Mercenary vs … [34][35] In 2004, they captured key al-Qaeda figure Hassan Ghul, who revealed the identity of Osama bin Laden's messenger, which eventually led to Operation Neptune Spear and the death of Osama bin Laden. I think since Peshmerga have a longer history as a military formation and got more aid from foreign powers, they are in some way better armed and trained and quite more professional than YPG. The People’s Protection Units (YPG) of the PYD are considered the most important units in the SDF, which is backed by the US-led International Coalition. [62] However, both maintain several professional military brigades. That said, the YPG's territory is much more threatened than the Peshmergas' territory in Iraq, so the YPG's motivation may be more existential than their ideology. Members of the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) carry coffins of their fellow fighters, who were killed in clashes with Islamic State, during … To the east is the … [36][37][38], The word "Peshmerga" can be translated to "to stand in front of death",[39][40][41] and Valentine states it was first used by Qazi Muhammad in the short-lived Mahabad Republic (1946–47). [57][58] Peshmerga have divided Kurdistan Region into a KDP-governed "yellow" zone covering Dohuk Governorate and Erbil Governorate and a PUK-governed "green" zone covering Sulaymaniyah Governorate and Halabja Governorate. [55] There is also a lack of communication tools, as Peshmerga commanders are forced to use civilian cellphones to communicate with each other. But their rescue operation on mount Sinjar and especially their counterattack after Kobane show that they too have some sort of coordination and strategic capacity. ", "Many Christians Killed; Kurds and Turks Slaughter Armenians Around Van. [28][29][30][31] These subsidiaries include Asayish (intelligence agency), Parastin u Zanyarî (assisting intelligence agency) and the Zeravani (Gendarmerie). I understand that they have a chain of command and that they respond to the Iraqi Kurdistan government. Hillier isn’t the first Canadian to join this fight. American and international media have had much to say about the Kurds in recent years, especially as they emerged as the only force capable of stemming the ISIS advance into Iraq in 2014. 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